Wikipedia

User:A Cynical Idealist/sandbox4

< User:A Cynical Idealist

Paravians
Temporal range:
Middle Jurassic–Present, 165–0 Ma[1]
Six paravian dinosaurs (top to bottom): Confuciusornis, Dromaeosaurus, Microraptor, Anchiornis, a crow, and the Prince Creek troodontid
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Clade: Dinosauria
Clade: Saurischia
Clade: Theropoda
Clade: Pennaraptora
Clade: Paraves
Sereno, 1997
Subgroups
Synonyms
  • Eumaniraptora Padian et al. 1999
  • Deinonychosauria?

Paraves (or "near-birds") are a widespread group of theropod dinosaurs that originated in the Middle Jurassic period. In addition to the extinct dromaeosaurids, troodontids, anchiornithids, and possibly the scansoriopterygids, the group also contains the avialans, which include diverse extinct taxa as well as the over 10,000 species of living birds.[2] Basal members of Paraves are well known for the possession of an enlarged claw on the second digit of the foot, which was held off the ground when walking in some species.[3] A number of differing scientific interpretations of the relationships between paravian taxa exist. New fossil discoveries and analyses make the classification of Paraves an active subject of research.[4]

History of study

edit

Initial discovery

edit

Dinosaur renaissance

edit

Debate about the origin of birds

edit

Modern study

edit

Anatomy

edit

Body plan

edit

Size

edit

Feathers and wings

edit

Feet and claws

edit

Head and senses

edit

Skeletal features

edit

Classification

edit

Phylogeny

edit
  • Turner et al. (2012)[5]
  • Rauhut and Pol[6]
  • Angolin at al. (2019)[7]
  • Status of unenlagiids[8]

One of the primary phylogenetic matrices in the scientific literature is the so-called "TWiG Matrix" from the Theropod Working Group. This matrix was first published by Steven Brusatte and colleagues in 2014.[9]

Paraves


Cau et al., 2017

edit
Paraves

Hartman et al., 2019

edit
Paraves

Motta et al., 2020

edit
Paraves

Evolution

edit

Relationship to birds

edit
  • Xu, Xing; Ma, Qingyu; Hu, Dongyu (2010). "Pre-Archaeopteryx coelurosaurian dinosaurs and their implications for understanding avian origins". Chinese Science Bulletin. 55 (35): 3971–3977. Bibcode:2010ChSBu..55.3971X. doi:10.1007/s11434-010-4150-z.

Taxonomy

edit
Phylogenetic position of paravian groups in different topologies
Topology 1 Topology 2
Paraves
Paraves
Topology 3 Topology 4
Paraves

Paleoecology

edit

Diet

edit

Distribution

edit

Predation

edit

See also

edit

References

edit
  1. ^ Zhang, H.; Wang, M.; Liu, X. (2008). "Constraints on the upper boundary age of the Tiaojishan Formation volcanic rocks in West Liaoning-North Hebei by LA-ICP-MS dating". Chinese Science Bulletin. 53 (22): 3574–3584. Bibcode:2008SciBu..53.3574Z. doi:10.1007/s11434-008-0287-4.
  2. ^ Cite error: The named reference TurneretalBAMNH was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  3. ^ Cite error: The named reference Lietal2007 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  4. ^ Agnolin, Federico L.; Motta, Matias J.; Brissón Egli, Federico; Lo Coco, Gastón; Novas, Fernando E. (2019-02-12). "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview". Frontiers in Earth Science. 6. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00252. hdl:11336/130197. ISSN 2296-6463.
  5. ^ Cite error: The named reference Turner2012 was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
  6. ^ Rauhut, Oliver WM; Tischlinger, Helmut; Foth, Christian (2019). "A non-archaeopterygid avialan theropod from the Late Jurassic of southern Germany". eLife. 8. doi:10.7554/eLife.43789. PMC 6516837. PMID 31084702.
  7. ^ Agnolin, Federico L.; Motta, Matias J.; Brissón Egli, Federico; Lo Coco, Gastón; Novas, Fernando E. (2019). "Paravian Phylogeny and the Dinosaur-Bird Transition: An Overview". Frontiers in Earth Science. 6. doi:10.3389/feart.2018.00252.
  8. ^ Agnolin, Federico L.; Novas, Fernando E. (2011). "Unenlagiid theropods: Are they members of the Dromaeosauridae (Theropoda, Maniraptora)?". Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências. 83 (1): 117–162. doi:10.1590/S0001-37652011000100008. PMID 21437379.
  9. ^ Brusatte, Stephen L.; Lloyd, Graeme T.; Wang, Steve C.; Norell, Mark A. (2014). "Gradual Assembly of Avian Body Plan Culminated in Rapid Rates of Evolution across the Dinosaur-Bird Transition" (PDF). Current Biology. 24 (20): 2386–2392. doi:10.1016/j.cub.2014.08.034. PMID 25264248. S2CID 8879023.
  10. ^ Cite error: The named reference hesperornithoides was invoked but never defined (see the help page).
Retrieved from "https://en.luquay.com/w/index.php?title=User:A_Cynical_Idealist/sandbox4&oldid=1232499638"