Tsuchiura Domain (土浦藩, Tsuchiura-han) was a feudal domain under the Tokugawa shogunate of Edo period Japan, located in Hitachi Province (modern-day Ibaraki Prefecture), Japan. It was centered on Tsuchiura Castle in what is now the city of Tsuchiura, Ibaraki. It was ruled for much of its history by the Tsuchiya clan.

Tsuchiura Domain
土浦藩
under Tokugawa shogunate Japan
1600–1871
CapitalTsuchiura Castle
 • TypeDaimyō
Historical eraEdo period
• Established
1600
• Disestablished
1871
Today part ofpart of Ibaraki Prefecture
Higashi-Yagura of Tsuchiura Castle, administrative center of Tsuchiura Domain

History

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During the Sengoku period, the area around Tsuchiura was controlled by the Oda clan, who were later destroyed by the Yūki clan. After the Battle of Sekigahara, and the establishment of the Tokugawa shogunate, the Yūki were relocated to Fukui Domain in Echizen Province and a portion of their vacated domain was given to Matsudaira Nobukazu as a reward for his rear-guard action in the Battle of Sekigahara. His son, Matsudaira Nobuyoshi, laid out the foundations of the castle town and built a number of gates on the Mito Kaidō highway linking Edo with Mito.

However, the Matsudaira were transferred to Takasaki Domain in Kōzuke Province and were replaced by Nishio Tadanaga, who received Tsuchiura as a reward of his services in the Siege of Osaka. His son, Nishio Tadateru, was transferred to Tanaka Domain in Suruga Province.

In 1649, Kutsuki Tanetsuna became daimyō, and was followed by his son Kutsuki Tanemasa until the clan was transferred to Fukuchiyama Domain in Tanba Province.

Tsuchiya Kazunao, a wakadoshiyori under Tokugawa Iemitsu received Tsuchiura next. He later became a rōjū. He was followed by his son, Tsuchiya Masanao, who was subsequently transferred to Tanaka Domain in Suruga Province. The domain was then awarded to Matsudaira Nobuoki, the 5th son of Matsudaira Nobutsuna, who held the post for only five years before being appointed Osaka jōdai.

Tsuchiura was then returned to Tsuchiya Kazunao, who had served as rōjū during the tenure of four shōguns, during which time his revenues had increased to 95,000koku. The Tsuchiya ruled Tsuchiura for the next ten generations until the Meiji Restoration. The final daimyō, Tsuchiya Shigenao, was adopted into the clan from the Mito Tokugawa clan, and was a younger brother of the last shōgun, Tokugawa Yoshinobu.

The domain had a total population of 12933 people in 2918 households per a census in 1741; however, in a census of 1834, the castle town of Shimodate had a population of only 1637 people in 364 households.[1]

Holdings at the end of the Edo period

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As with most domains in the han system, Tsuchiura Domain consisted of several discontinuous territories calculated to provide the assigned kokudaka, based on periodic cadastral surveys and projected agricultural yields.[2][3] This was especially the case with Tsuchiura Domain, whose holdings were scattered in many locations.

List of daimyōs

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# Name Tenure Courtesy title Court Rank kokudaka
  Fukui-Matsudaira clan (fudai) 1604–1617
1 Matsudaira Nobukazu (松平信一) 1600–1604 Izu-no-kami (伊豆守) Lower 4th (従四位下) 35,000 koku
2 Matsudaira Nobuyoshi (松平信吉) 1604–1617 Izu-no-kami (伊豆守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 35,000 koku
  Nishio clan (fudai) 1618-1649
1 Nishio Tadanaga (西尾忠永) 1618–1620 Tango-no-kami (丹後守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 20,000 koku
2 Nishio Tadateru (西尾忠照) 1620–1649 Tango-no-kami (丹後守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 20,000 koku
  Kutsuki clan (fudai) 1649-1669
1 Kutsuki Tanetsuna (朽木稙綱) 1649–1660 Minbu-no-sho (民部少輔) Lower 5th (従五位下) 30,000 koku
2 Kutsuki Tanemasa (朽木稙昌) 1661–1669 Iyo-no-kami (伊予守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 30,000 koku
  Tsuchiya clan (fudai) 1669–1682
1 Tsuchiya Kazunao (土屋数直) 1669–1679 Tajima-no-kami (但馬守); Jiju (侍従) Lower 4th (従四位下) 45,000 koku
2 Tsuchiya Masanao (土屋政直) 1679–1682 Sagami-no-kami (相模守); Jiju (侍従) Lower 4th (従四位下) 45,000 koku
  Ōkōchi-Matsudaira clan (fudai) 1682–1687
1 Matsudaira Nobuoki (松平信興) 1682–1687 Mimasaka-no-kami (美濃守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 53,000 koku
  Tsuchiya clan (fudai) 1687–1871
1 Tsuchiya Masanao (土屋政直) 1687–1719 Sagami-no-kami (相模守); Jiju (侍従) Lower 4th (従四位下) 65,000→95,000 koku
2 Tsuchiya Nobunao (土屋陳直) 1719–1734 Tajima-no-kami (但馬守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 95,000 koku
3 Tsuchiya Atsunao (土屋篤直) 1734–1776 Noto-no-kami (能登守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 95,000 koku
4 Tsuchiya Hisanao (土屋寿直) 1776–1777 Sagami-no-kami (相模守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 95,000 koku
5 Tsuchiya Yasunao (土屋泰直) 1777–1790 Noto-no-kami (能登守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 95,000 koku
6 Tsuchiya Hidenao (土屋英直) 1790–1803 Tajima-no-kami (但馬守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 95,000 koku
7 Tsuchiya Hironao (土屋寛直) 1803–1811 -none- -none- 95,000 koku
8 Tsuchiya Yoshinao (土屋彦直) 1811–1838 Sagami-no-kami (相模守) Upper 5th (従五位上) 95,000 koku
9 Tsuchiya Tomonao (土屋寅直) 1838–1868 Wakasa-no-kami (采女正) Lower 4th (従四位下) 95,000 koku
10 Tsuchiya Shigenao (土屋挙直) 1868–1871 Sagami-no-kami (相模守) Lower 5th (従五位下) 95,000 koku

References

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  • Papinot, E. (1910). Historical and Geographic Dictionary of Japan. Tuttle (reprint) 1972.
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Notes

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