Morocco , officially the Kingdom of Morocco , is a country in the Maghreb region of North Africa . It overlooks the Mediterranean Sea to the north and the Atlantic Ocean to the west, and has land borders with Algeria to the east , and the disputed territory of Western Sahara to the south . Morocco also claims the Spanish exclaves of Ceuta , Melilla and Peñón de Vélez de la Gomera , and several small Spanish-controlled islands off its coast. It has a population of roughly 37 million, the official and predominant religion is Islam , and the official languages are Arabic and Berber ; French and the Moroccan dialect of Arabic are also widely spoken. Moroccan identity and culture is a mix of Arab , Berber , African and European cultures. Its capital is Rabat , while its largest city is Casablanca .
The region constituting Morocco has been inhabited since the Paleolithic era over 300,000 years ago. The Idrisid dynasty was established by Idris I in 788 and was subsequently ruled by a series of other independent dynasties, reaching its zenith as a regional power in the 11th and 12th centuries, under the Almoravid and Almohad dynasties, when it controlled most of the Iberian Peninsula and the Maghreb. Centuries of Arab migration to the Maghreb since the 7th century shifted the demographic scope of the region. In the 15th and 16th centuries, Morocco faced external threats to its sovereignty, with Portugal seizing some territory and the Ottoman Empire encroaching from the east. The Marinid and Saadi dynasties otherwise resisted foreign domination, and Morocco was the only North African nation to escape Ottoman dominion. The 'Alawi dynasty , which rules the country to this day, seized power in 1631, and over the next two centuries expanded diplomatic and commercial relations with the Western world . Morocco's strategic location near the mouth of the Mediterranean drew renewed European interest; in 1912, France and Spain divided the country into respective protectorates , reserving an international zone in Tangier . Following intermittent riots and revolts against colonial rule, in 1956, Morocco regained its independence and reunified.
Since independence, Morocco has remained relatively stable. It has the fifth-largest economy in Africa and wields significant influence in both Africa and the Arab world ; it is considered a middle power in global affairs and holds membership in the Arab League , the Arab Maghreb Union , the Union for the Mediterranean , and the African Union . Morocco is a unitary semi-constitutional monarchy with an elected parliament. The executive branch is led by the King of Morocco and the prime minister , while legislative power is vested in the two chambers of parliament: the House of Representatives and the House of Councillors . Judicial power rests with the Constitutional Court, which may review the validity of laws, elections, and referendums. The king holds vast executive and legislative powers, especially over the military , foreign policy and religious affairs; he can issue decrees called dahirs , which have the force of law, and can also dissolve the parliament after consulting the prime minister and the president of the constitutional court.
Morocco claims ownership of the non-self-governing territory of Western Sahara , which it has designated its Southern Provinces . In 1975, after Spain agreed to decolonise the territory and cede its control to Morocco and Mauritania , a guerrilla war broke out between those powers and some of the local inhabitants . In 1979, Mauritania relinquished its claim to the area, but the war continued to rage. In 1991, a ceasefire agreement was reached, but the issue of sovereignty remained unresolved. Today, Morocco occupies two-thirds of the territory, and efforts to resolve the dispute have thus far failed to break the political deadlock. (Full article... )
The following are images from various Morocco-related articles on Wikipedia.
Image 1 A Berber musician wearing two large
triangular brooches in southern Morocco (early 20th century photo) (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 2 The
Almoravid Qubba , built by the Almoravids in the 12th century. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 3 The
Manifesto of Independence presented by the
Istiqlal Party on 11 January 1944 established Sultan
Muhammad V as a symbol of the nationalist struggle. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 4 A window displaying a wrought iron window grill in
Asila . The knots are tied with bent metal in the traditional way, rather than
soldered . (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 5 Moroccan
fly mask embroidery (from
History of Morocco )
Image 6 A
folio of an 18th-century Moroccan
Quran , with a characteristically
Maghrebi script used to write
surahs 105–114 (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 7 A Moroccan
kaftan (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 8 Extent of the Saadian empire at the beginning of the 17th century (from
History of Morocco )
Image 9 Destruction after the
Intifada of Fes was quelled by French artillery fire. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 11 A Gnawa street performer wearing traditional
Gnawi clothing in
Rabat 's
Qasbat al-Widaya (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 12 Map depicting the staged
French pacification of Morocco through to 1934 (from
History of Morocco )
Image 13 Destruction of Casablanca caused by the 1907 French bombardment. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 14 The Maghreb in the second half of the 19th century (from
History of Morocco )
Image 15 Uprisings in Casablanca in July 1907 over the application terms of the
Treaty of Algeciras led to the
Bombardment of Casablanca . (from
History of Morocco )
Image 16 The Maghreb after the Berber Revolt (from
History of Morocco )
Image 17 The city of
Aït Benhaddou photographed in the evening (from
History of Morocco )
Image 19 Couscous is traditionally enjoyed on Friday, the holy day in Islam. Garnished with vegetables and chickpeas, it is served communally. (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 21 Idrisid dirham , minted at al-'Aliyah (
Fes ),
Morocco , 840 CE. The coin features the name of
Ali : a son-in-law of
Muhammad , the fourth
Caliph , and an ancestor of the Idrisids.
Image 22 Idrisid state, around 820
CE , showing its maximal extent. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 23 The assassination of
Émile Mauchamp March 1907, which precipitated the French invasion of
Oujda and the
conquest of Morocco . (from
History of Morocco )
Image 24 Moroccan women wearing
takshita (1939 photo) (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 25 Roman coins excavated in Essaouira, 3rd century. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 26 Stucco decoration in the
Saadian Tombs of Marrakesh (16th century) (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 27 Sultan
Abd-al-Aziz with his bicycle in 1901. The young sultan was noted for his capricious spending habits, which exacerbated a major trade deficit. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 28 Hirak Rif protests (from
History of Morocco )
Image 29 portrait of his excellence Mohamed Ben Ali abgali with Al sulham, ambassadeur of king morocco to the court of saint jame.august 1725. (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 30 A cannon from the republican era in Salé (from
History of Morocco )
Image 31 The ancient harbor at the Bou Regreg, taken from Salé facing Rabat (from
History of Morocco )
Image 32 Ouds in a shop in Marrakesh (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 33 The Almoravid empire at its height stretched from the city of
Aoudaghost to the
Zaragoza in Al-Andalus (from
History of Morocco )
Image 34 King
Hassan II , on his way to Friday prayers in
Marrakesh , 1967. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 35 Festival Scene : a
watercolor by
Muhammad Ben Ali Rabati , one of Morocco's first painters (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 36 Roman remains of
Volubilis (from
History of Morocco )
Image 37 A 19th century poster of the word "
Allah " by the master calligrapher
Muhammad Bin Al-Qasim al-Qundusi in his improvised
Maghrebi script . (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 38 Present-day courtyard of the
Al-Qarawiyyin Mosque in
Fes , established by
Fatima al-Fihri in the 9th century (from
History of Morocco )
Image 39 French artillery in Rabat in 1911. The dispatch of French forces to protect the sultan from a rebellion instigated the
Agadir Crisis . (from
History of Morocco )
Image 40 The Almohad empire at its greatest extent, c. 1180–1212 (from
History of Morocco )
Image 41 Admiral
Abdelkader Perez was sent by
Ismail Ibn Sharif as an ambassador to England in 1723. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 43 Lissan-ul-Maghreb , an early Moroccan newspaper. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 44 Map of the Wattasid sultanate (dark red) and its vassal states (light red) (from
History of Morocco )
Image 45 A group performing
Gnawa in Zagora, southeastern Morocco (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 46 Taburida , a traditional Arab exhibition of horsemanship performed during festivals (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 47 Jewish Wedding in Morocco by
Eugène Delacroix ,
Louvre , Paris (from
Culture of Morocco )
Image 48 The Berber entrepot
Sijilmassa along the trade routes of the Western Sahara, c. 1000–1500. Goldfields are indicated by light brown shading. (from
History of Morocco )
Image 49 Status quo in
Western Sahara since 1991 cease-fire: most under Moroccan control (
Southern Provinces ), with inner Polisario-controlled areas forming the
Sahrawi Arab Republic . (from
History of Morocco )
Image 50 The Marinid Sultanate in 1360 (from
History of Morocco )
Image 51 Coin minted during the reign of
Abu Yaqub Yusuf (from
History of Morocco )
Image 52 Almohads after 1212 (from
History of Morocco )
Image 53 The Almohads transferred the capital of Al-Andalus to
Seville . (from
History of Morocco )
Image 54 Al-Boraq , the first high speed rail service on the African continent. (from
History of Morocco )
Category puzzle
Select [►] to view subcategories
Religions in Morocco
Arab states
Other countries
Rank
City
Population (2014 census)[1] [2]
Region
1
Casablanca [a]
3,359,818
Casablanca-Settat
2
Fez [b]
1,112,072
Fès-Meknès
3
Tangier [c]
947,952
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
4
Marrakesh [d]
928,850
Marrakesh-Safi
5
Salé [e]
890,403
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
6
Meknes [f]
632,079
Fès-Meknès
7
Rabat [g]
577,827
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
8
Oujda
494,252
Oriental
9
Kenitra
431,282
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
10
Agadir
421,844
Souss-Massa
11
Tetouan
380,787
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
12
Temara
313,510
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
13
Safi
308,508
Marrakesh-Safi
14
Mohammedia
208,612
Casablanca-Settat
15
Khouribga
196,196
Béni Mellal-Khénifra
16
El Jadida
194,934
Casablanca-Settat
17
Beni Mellal
192,676
Béni Mellal-Khénifra
18
Aït Melloul
171,847
Souss-Massa
19
Nador
161,726
Oriental
20
Dar Bouazza
151,373
Casablanca-Settat
21
Taza
148,456
Fès-Meknès
22
Settat
142,250
Casablanca-Settat
23
Berrechid
136,634
Casablanca-Settat
24
Khemisset
131,542
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
25
Inezgane
130,333
Souss-Massa
26
Ksar El Kebir
126,617
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
27
Larache
125,008
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
28
Guelmim
118,318
Guelmim-Oued Noun
29
Khenifra
117,510
Béni Mellal-Khénifra
30
Berkane
109,237
Oriental
31
Taourirt
103,398
Oriental
32
Bouskoura
103,026
Casablanca-Settat
33
Fquih Ben Salah
102,019
Béni Mellal-Khénifra
34
Dcheira El Jihadia
100,336
Souss-Massa
35
Oued Zem
95,267
Béni Mellal-Khénifra
36
El Kelaa Des Sraghna
95,224
Marrakesh-Safi
37
Sidi Slimane
92,989
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
38
Errachidia
92,374
Drâa-Tafilalet
39
Guercif
90,880
Oriental
40
Oulad Teima
89,387
Souss-Massa
41
Ben Guerir
88,626
Marrakesh-Safi
42
Tifelt
86,709
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
43
Lqliaa
83,235
Souss-Massa
44
Taroudant
80,149
Souss-Massa
45
Sefrou
79,887
Fès-Meknès
46
Essaouira
77,966
Marrakesh-Safi
47
Fnideq
77,436
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
48
Sidi Kacem
75,672
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
49
Tiznit
74,699
Souss-Massa
50
Tan-Tan
73,209
Guelmim-Es Semara
51
Ouarzazate
71,067
Drâa-Tafilalet
52
Souk El Arbaa
69,265
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
53
Youssoufia
67,628
Marrakesh-Safi
54
Lahraouyine
64,821
Casablanca-Settat
55
Martil
64,355
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
56
Ain Harrouda
62,420
Casablanca-Settat
57
Suq as-Sabt Awlad an-Nama
60,076
Béni Mellal-Khénifra
58
Skhirat
59,775
Rabat-Salé-Kénitra
59
Ouazzane
59,606
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
60
Benslimane
57,101
Casablanca-Settat
61
Al Hoceima
56,716
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
62
Beni Ansar
56,582
Oriental
63
M'diq
56,227
Tanger-Tetouan-Al Hoceima
64
Sidi Bennour
55,815
Casablanca-Settat
65
Midelt
55,304
Drâa-Tafilalet
66
Azrou
54,350
Fès-Meknès
67
Drargua [h]
50,946
Souss-Massa
Subdivisions History and archaeologyEconomy Transport Roads and streets Education
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^ In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Casablanca as 3,359,818,[1] which corresponds to the population of Casablanca Prefecture.[2]
^ In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Fez as 1,112,072,[1] which corresponds to the combined population of those parts of Fez Prefecture not within the cercle of Fez Banlieue ("suburbs").[2]
^ In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Tangier as 947,952,[1] which corresponds to the combined population of the four arrondissements of Bni Makada , Charf-Mghogha , Charf-Souani and Tanger-Médina .[2]
^ In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Marrakesh as 928,850,[1] which corresponds to the combined population of the municipality of Méchouar-Kasba and the five arrondissements of Annakhil , Gueliz , Marrakech-Médina , Ménara and Sidi Youssef Ben Ali .[2]
^ In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Salé as 890,403,[1] which corresponds to the combined population of the five arrondissements of Bab Lamrissa , Bettana , Hssaine , Layayda and Tabriquet .[2]
^ In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Meknes as 632,079,[1] which corresponds to the combined population of the municipalities of Meknes, Al Machouar – Stinia , Toulal and Ouislane .[2]
^ In the 2014 census, the High Commission for Planning gave the legal population of Rabat as 577,827,[1] which corresponds to the population of Rabat Prefecture.[2]
^ The population figure refers only to the urban centre (HCP geographic code [fr ] 09.001.05.09.3) of the rural commune of Drargua.