Lichenomphalia umbellifera

Lichenomphalia umbellifera, also known as the lichen agaric or the green-pea mushroom lichen,[2][3] is a species of basidiolichen in the family Hygrophoraceae. L. umbellifera forms a symbiotic relationship with unicellular algae in the genus Coccomyxa.[2][4] It is regarded as nonpoisonous.[5]

Lichenomphalia umbellifera
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Fungi
Division: Basidiomycota
Class: Agaricomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Hygrophoraceae
Genus: Lichenomphalia
Species:
L. umbellifera
Binomial name
Lichenomphalia umbellifera
(L.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys (2002)
Synonyms[1]
  • Agaricus umbelliferus L. (1753)
  • Byssus botryoides L. (1753)
  • Lichen botryoides (L.) Neck. (1771)
  • Tremella botryoides (L.) Schreb. (1771)
  • Lepra botryoides (L.) F.H.Wigg. (1780)
  • Agaricus epiphyllus Bull. (1792)
  • Agaricus ericetorum Pers. (1796)
  • Merulius umbelliferus (L.) With. (1796)
  • Phytoconis botryoides (L.) Bory (1797)
  • Lepraria botryoides (L.) Ach. (1798)
  • Palmella botryoides (L.) Lyngb. (1819)
  • Micromphale ericetorum (Pers.) Gray (1821)
  • Merulius turfosus Pers. (1825)
  • Agaricus androsaceus Pers. (1828)
  • Botrydina vulgaris Bréb. (1839)
  • Omphalia umbellifera (L.) P.Kumm. (1871)
  • Clitocybe ericetorum (Pers.) Fr. (1872)
  • Omphalina umbellifera (L.) Quél. (1886)
  • Omphalia umbellifera var. nivea Rea (1922)
  • Omphalia umbellifera f. albida J.E.Lange (1930)
  • Omphalia umbellifera f. bispora F.H.Møller (1945)
  • Omphalia ericetorum (Pers.) S.Lundell (1949)
  • Omphalina ericetorum (Pers.) M.Lange (1955)
  • Clitocybe umbellifera (L.) H.E.Bigelow (1959)
  • Gerronema ericetorum (Pers.) Singer (1973)
  • Botrydina botryoides (L.) Redhead & Kuyper (1987)
  • Phytoconis ericetorum (Pers.) Redhead & Kuyper (1988)
  • Gerronema ericetorum f. bisporum (F.H. Møller) Bon (1997)
  • Lichenomphalia umbellifera f. bispora (F.H.Møller) P.-A.Moreau & Courtec. (2008)

The mushroom is white to yellowish-tan and hygrophanous, and occurs throughout most of the year on damp soil and rotting wood. It can be found in the Northern Hemisphere, particularly in the region of the Arctic.[6] In the Pacific Northwest, it is common and can be found northward from Santa Cruz.[2] Its cap grows up to 3 cm wide. Its stalk is 1–3 cm tall and 1–3 mm wide. The spores are white or yellowish.[7]

Taxonomy

edit

The species was first described by Carl Linnaeus in 1753 as Agaricus umbelliferus.[8] It was transferred to Lichenomphalia in 2002.[9]

L. umbellifera has a wide geographic range and displays a considerable amount of phenotypic plasticity, but phylogenetic research has confirmed that these populations represent a single species. Two related taxa have been described in the genus Lichenomphalia, but are yet unnamed.[4]

Similar species

edit
Lichenomphalia umbellifera
 Gills on hymenium
   Cap is flat or depressed
 Hymenium is decurrent
 Stipe is bare
 
 
Spore print is white to yellow
   Edibility is inedible or unknown

Similar species include Chromosera cyanophylla, Chrysomphalina aurantiaca, Chrysomphalina chrysophylla, Contumyces rosellus, and Rickenella fibula.[7]

References

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  1. ^ "Lichenomphalia umbellifera (L.) Redhead, Lutzoni, Moncalvo & Vilgalys, Mycotaxon 83: 38 (2002)". CAB International. Retrieved 2013-10-01.
  2. ^ a b c Siegel, Noah; Schwarz, Christian (2016). Mushrooms of the redwood coast : a comprehensive guide to the fungi of coastal northern California (First ed.). Berkeley: Ten Speed Press. ISBN 978-1-60774-817-5. OCLC 914339418.
  3. ^ "Standardized Common Names for Wild Species in Canada". National General Status Working Group. 2020.
  4. ^ a b Geml, József; Kauff, Frank; Brochmann, Christian; Lutzoni, François; Laursen, Gary A.; Redhead, Scott A.; Taylor, D. Lee (March 2012). "Frequent circumarctic and rare transequatorial dispersals in the lichenised agaric genus Lichenomphalia (Hygrophoraceae, Basidiomycota)". Fungal Biology. 116 (3): 388–400. doi:10.1016/j.funbio.2011.12.009. PMID 22385621.
  5. ^ Miller Jr., Orson K.; Miller, Hope H. (2006). North American Mushrooms: A Field Guide to Edible and Inedible Fungi. Guilford, CN: FalconGuide. p. 188. ISBN 978-0-7627-3109-1.
  6. ^ Trudell, Steve; Ammirati, Joe (2009). Mushrooms of the Pacific Northwest. Timber Press Field Guides. Portland, OR: Timber Press. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-88192-935-5.
  7. ^ a b Davis, R. Michael; Sommer, Robert; Menge, John A. (2012). Field Guide to Mushrooms of Western North America. Berkeley: University of California Press. p. 171. ISBN 978-0-520-95360-4. OCLC 797915861.
  8. ^ Linnaeus C. (1753). Species Plantarum (in Latin). Stockholm: Salvius. p. 1175.
  9. ^ Redhead SA, Lutzoni F, Moncalvo JM, Vilgalys R (2002). "Phylogeny of agarics: Partial systematics solutions for core omphalinoid genera in the Agaricales (euagarics)". Mycotaxon. 83: 19–57.