In Greek mythology, Icarius (/ɪˈkɛəriəs/; Ancient Greek: Ἰκάριος Ikários) was a Spartan king and a champion runner.
Family
editIcarius was the son of either Perieres and Gorgophone[1] or of Oebalus and Bateia[2] and thus brother of Hippocoon and Tyndareus. By Periboea, he became the father of Penelope, Perileos, Thoas, Damasippus, Imeusimus, Aletes and Iphthime.[3] According to other traditions, the mother of Penelope, Alyzeus and Leucadius was Polycaste, daughter of Lygaeus.[4]
His other possible wives were Dorodoche (daughter of Ortilochus) and Asterodia (daughter of Eurypylus).[5] The latter was said to have born him the following children:
- Polymelos, Damasiclus (Amasiclus), Penelope and Laodice[6]; or
- Amasichus, Phalereus, Thoon, Pheremmelias, Perilaos, Penelope and Laodamia (also called Mede or Hypsipyle).[7]
In some accounts, Icarius was the father of Elatus who fathered Taenarus by Erymede, daughter Damasiclus.[8] Otherwise, Taenarus was called Icarius’ son with no mention of the birth mother.[9]
| Relation | Name | Sources | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homer | Apollonius | Strabo | Apollodorus | Stephanus | Tzetzes | |||||
| Ody. | Sch. | Sch. Argo. | Lyco. | |||||||
| Parentage | Perieres and Gorgophone | ✓ | ✓ | |||||||
| Oebalus and Bateia | ✓ | |||||||||
| Siblings | Tyndareus | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Aphareus | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Leucippus | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Hippocoon | ✓ | |||||||||
| Spouse | Asterodia | ✓ | ||||||||
| Dorodoche | ✓ | |||||||||
| Periboea | ✓ | |||||||||
| Polycaste | ✓ | |||||||||
| Erymede | ||||||||||
| Offspring | Penelope | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||
| Iphthime | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Laodamia or | ✓ | |||||||||
| Laodice | ✓ | |||||||||
| Perilaus or | ✓ | ✓ | ||||||||
| Perileos | ||||||||||
| Amasichus | ✓ | |||||||||
| Phalereus | ✓ | |||||||||
| Thoon | ✓ | |||||||||
| Pheremmelias | ✓ | |||||||||
| Elatus | ✓ | |||||||||
| Alyzeus | ✓ | |||||||||
| Leucadius | ✓ | |||||||||
| Aletes | ✓ | |||||||||
| Damasippus | ✓ | |||||||||
| Imeusimus | ✓ | |||||||||
| Thoas | ✓ | |||||||||
| Taenarus | ✓ | |||||||||
Mythology
editHippocoon, a natural son of Oebalus, expelled his two brothers, Tyndareus and Icarius, from Lacedaemon: they fled to Thestius at Pleuron, and dwelt beyond the river Achelous. Subsequently, when Heracles had slain Hippocoon and his sons, Tyndareus returned to Sparta, while Icarius remained in Acarnania. According to Apollodorus, however, Icarius also returned[10]. Another tradition relates that Icarius, who sided with Hippocoon, assisted him in expelling Tyndareus from Sparta.[11] While in Acarnania, Icarius became the father of the above progeny.
Icarius was a Spartan king[citation needed] and a champion runner who would not allow anyone to marry his daughter unless he beat him in a race. Odysseus succeeded and married Penelope[12], but according to others, Tyndareus sued for the hand of Penelope for Odysseus, from gratitude for a piece of advice which Odysseus had given him.[13] After they got married, Icarius tried to persuade Odysseus to remain in Sparta. He did leave with Penelope, but Icarius followed them, imploring his daughter to stay. Odysseus told her she must choose whether to be with her father or with her husband. Penelope did not answer, but modestly covered her face with a veil. Icarius correctly understood that this was a sign of her will to leave with Odysseus, let them go and erected a statue of Aidos (Modesty) on the spot.[14] Icarius was apparently still alive at the time of the events of the Odyssey.
Notes
edit- ^ Apollodorus, 1.9.5 & 3.10.3; Tzetzes on Lycophron, 511
- ^ Apollodorus, 3.10.4
- ^ Apollodorus, 3.10.3-6
- ^ Strabo, 10.2.24
- ^ Scholia ad Homer, Odyssey 15.16
- ^ Scholia ad Homer, Odyssey 1.275 & 277
- ^ Scholia ad Homer, Odyssey 4.797
- ^ Scholia ad Apollonius Rhodius, 1.120
- ^ Stephanus of Byzantium, s.v. Tainaros
- ^ Apollodorus, 3.10.5
- ^ Pausanias, 3.1.4; Eustathius ad Homer, Odyssey p. 293; Scholia ad Euripides, Orestes 447
- ^ Pausanias, 3.12.2
- ^ Apollodorus, 3.10.9
- ^ Pausanias, 3.20.10-11
References
edit- Apollodorus, The Library with an English Translation by Sir James George Frazer, F.B.A., F.R.S. in 2 Volumes, Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1921. ISBN 0-674-99135-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library. Greek text available from the same website.
- Pausanias, Description of Greece with an English Translation by W.H.S. Jones, Litt.D., and H.A. Ormerod, M.A., in 4 Volumes. Cambridge, MA, Harvard University Press; London, William Heinemann Ltd. 1918. ISBN 0-674-99328-4. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library
- Pausanias, Graeciae Descriptio. 3 vols. Leipzig, Teubner. 1903. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Strabo, The Geography of Strabo. Edition by H.L. Jones. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press; London: William Heinemann, Ltd. 1924. Online version at the Perseus Digital Library.
- Strabo, Geographica edited by A. Meineke. Leipzig: Teubner. 1877. Greek text available at the Perseus Digital Library.
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