Helconinae is a subfamily of braconid wasps in the family Braconidae.

Helconinae
Wroughtonia ligator
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Arthropoda
Class: Insecta
Order: Hymenoptera
Family: Braconidae
Subfamily: Helconinae
Forster, 1862

Taxonomy and phylogeny

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Helconinae has historically been a large subfamily of 4 tribes comprising about 40 genera.[1] Following many changes to classification and included groups over the years, only one of these original tribes, Helconini, remains. Cenocoeliini was split into a new subfamily, Cenocoeliinae, by van Achterberg in 1984.[2] Then, the tribes Brachistini and Diospilini were split into another new subfamily, Brachistinae, by Sharanowski et al. in 2011.[3] The remaining Helconini comprise about 12 genera.[1] The Helconini subtribe Vervootihelconina was since elevated to tribal status as Vervootihelconini. The enigmatic Ussurohelconini, previously transferred to Cenocoeliinae, was again recovered as a tribe of Helconinae.[4][3]

Genera

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The following genera belong to the subfamily Helconinae:

Tribe Helconini Förster, 1863

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Tribe Ussurohelconini van Achterberg, 1994

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Tribe Vervoortihelconini van Achterberg, 1997

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References

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  1. ^ a b Wharton, Robert A.; Marsh, Paul M.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2017). Manual Of The New World Genera Of The Family Braconidae (Hymenoptera) 2nd Edition. International Society of Hymenopterists. ISBN 978-0692944820.
  2. ^ van Achterberg, Cornelis (1984). "Essay on the phylogeny of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea)". Entomologisk Tidskrift. 105: 41–58.
  3. ^ a b Sharanowski, Barbara J.; Dowling, Ashley P.G.; Sharkey, Michael J. (2011). "Molecular phylogenetics of Braconidae (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonoidea) based on multiple nuclear genes, and implications for classification". Systematic Entomology. 36: 549–572. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3113.2011.00580.x.
  4. ^ Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard; Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Sharkey, Michael J. (2022). "15. Subfamily Helconinae Foerster, 1863". In Gadallah, Neveen Samy; Ghahari, Hassan; Shaw, Scott Richard (eds.). Braconidae of the Middle East (Hymenoptera) Taxonomy, Distribution, Biology, and Biocontrol Benefits of Parasitoid Wasps. Elsevier Science. p. 356-358. doi:10.1016/B978-0-323-96099-1.00012-1.
  5. ^ a b c Yan, Cheng-Jin; Van Achterberg, Cornelis; He, Jun-Hua; Chen, Xue-Xin (2017). "Review of the tribe Helconini Foerster s.s. from China, with the description of 18 new species". Zootaxa. 4291 (3): 401–457. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.4291.3.1.
  6. ^ a b c d e Parrott, arthur W. (1953). "A Systematic Catalogue of Australian Braconidae". Pacific Science. 7: 193–218.
  7. ^ Krombein, Karl V.; Hurd Jr., Paul D. Jr.; Smith, David R.; Burks, B.D., eds. (1979). Catalog of Hymenoptera in America North of Mexico. Smithsonian Institution Press. Retrieved 2018-04-11.
  8. ^ Van Achterberg, Cornelis; Chen, Xuexin (2004). "Six new genera of Braconidae (Hymenoptera) from China". Zoologische Mededelingen. 78: 77–100.
  9. ^ Quicke, Donald L.J.; Ward, Darren F.; Butcher, Buntika A. (2019). "First host record and morphological notes on the rare Chilean wasp Vervoortihelcon scaramozzinoi van Achterberg (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Helconinae, Vervoortihelconini)". Journal of Hymenoptera Research. 68: 13–16. doi:10.3897/jhr.68.32954.
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