Graphical timeline of plesiosaurs

Timeline

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CretaceousJurassicTriassicLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousLate JurassicMiddle JurassicEarly JurassicLate TriassicMiddle TriassicEarly TriassicGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Aristonectes-quiriquinensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Morenosaurus-stockiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Leurospondylus-ultimusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Kaiwhekea-katikiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Hydrotherosaurus-alexandraeGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Fresnosaurus-drescheriGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Aristonectes-parvidensGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Aphrosaurus-furlongiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Vegasaurus-molyiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Cardiocorax-mukuluGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Alexandronectes-zealandiensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Dolichorhynchops-herschelensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Albertonectes-vanderveldeiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Sulcusuchus-errainiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Tuarangisaurus-keyseiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Nakonanectes-bradtiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Terminonatator-ponteixensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Mauisaurus-haastiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Elasmosaurus-platyurusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Martinectes-bonneriGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Polycotylus-latipinnisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Dolichorhynchops-osborniGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Styxosaurus-snowiiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Hydralmosaurus-serpentinusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Polycotylus-latipinnisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Georgiasaurus-penzensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Futabasaurus-suzukiiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Libonectes-morganiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Polyptychodon-interruptusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Scalamagnus-tropicensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Trinacromerum-kirkiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Trinacromerum-bentonianumGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Palmula-quadratusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Libonectes-atlasenseGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Eopolycotylus-rankiniGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Thililua-longicollisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Manemergus-anguirostrisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Mauriciosaurus-fernandeziGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Brachauchenius-lucasiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pahasapasaurus-haasiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Thalassomedon-haningtoniGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Plesiopleurodon-wellesiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Edgarosaurus-muddiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Eromangasaurus-australisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Nichollssaura-borealisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Umoonasaurus-demoscyllusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Opallionectes-andamookaensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Kronosaurus-queenslandicusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Kronosaurus-boyacensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Eurycleidus-arcuatusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Eurycleidus-arcuatusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Abyssosaurus-nataliaeGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Leptocleidus-clemaiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Lagenanectes-richteraeGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Luskhan-itilensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Leptocleidus-capensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Brancasaurus-brancaiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Simolestes-indicusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pliosaurus-irgisensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Liopleurodon-rossicusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pliosaurus-westburyensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pliosaurus-carpenteriGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Colymbosaurus-trochanteriusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Megalneusaurus-rexGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Sinopliosaurus-weiyuanensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pliosaurus-portentificusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pliosaurus-kevaniGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pliosaurus-brachyspondylusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Kimmerosaurus-langhamiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Bathyspondylus-swindoniensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pliosaurus-brachydeirusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Tatenectes-laramiensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pantosaurus-striatusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pliosaurus-macromerusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pliosaurus-andrewsiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Vinielasaurus-caroliGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Tricleidus-seeleyiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Simolestes-voraxGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Peloneustes-philarchusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Pachycostasaurus-dawniGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Muraenosaurus-leedsiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Muraenosaurus-beloclisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Liopleurodon-pachydeirusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Liopleurodon-feroxGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Cryptoclidus-richardsoniGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Cryptoclidus-eurymerusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Yuzhoupliosaurus-chengjiangensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Simolestes-keileniGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Maresaurus-coccaiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Sthenarasaurus-dawkinsGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Seeleysaurus-guilelmiimperatorisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Rhomaleosaurus-victorGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Rhomaleosaurus-cramptoniGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Plesiosaurus-longirostrisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Occitanosaurus-tournemirensisGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Microcleidus-macropterusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Microcleidus-arcuatusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Hydrorion-brachypterygiusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Hauffiosaurus-zanoniGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Bishanopliosaurus-youngiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Arminisaurus-schubertiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Plesiosaurus-dolichodeirusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Plesiosaurus-macrocephalusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Eretmosaurus-rugosusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Thaumatodracon-wiedenrothiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Archaeonectrus-rostratusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Attenborosaurus-conybeariGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Rhomaleosaurus-megacephalusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Macroplata-tenuicepsGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Eurycleidus-arcuatusGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Thalassiodracon-hawkinsiiGraphical timeline of plesiosaurs#Alexeyisaurus-karnoushenkoiCretaceousJurassicTriassicLate CretaceousEarly CretaceousLate JurassicMiddle JurassicEarly JurassicLate TriassicMiddle TriassicEarly Triassic

Taxa

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Taxon First Appearance Datum Last Appearance Datum Previous Estimates Image

Abyssosaurus nataliae

Late Hauterivian[1]

Late Hauterivian[1]

Late Hauterivian[1]

Albertonectes vanderveldei

Late Campanian[2]

Late Campanian[2]

Late Campanian[2]

 
Life restoration of Albertonectes vanderveldei

Alexandronectes zealandiensis

Early Maastrichtian[3]

Early Maastrichtian[3]

Early Maastrichtian[3]

Alexeyisaurus karnoushenkoi

Early-Middle Norian[4]

Early-Middle Norian[4]

Early-Middle Norian[4]

Aphrosaurus furlongi

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

Aristonectes parvidens

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

 
Life restoration of Aristonectes parvidens

Aristonectes quiriquinensis

Late Maastrichtian[6]

Late Maastrichtian[6]

Late Maastrichtian[6]

 
Life restoration of Aristonectes quiriquinensis

Attenborosaurus conybeari

Sinemurian[5]

Sinemurian[5]

Sinemurian[5]

 
Life restoration of Attenborosaurus conybeari

Cardiocorax mukulu

Early Maastrichtian[7]

Early Maastrichtian[7]

Early Maastrichtian[7]

Dolichorhynchops herschelensis

Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian[8]

Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian[8]

Campanian-Maastrichtian,[5] Late Campanian-Early Maastrichtian[8]

Scalamagnus tropicensis

Turonian[9]

Turonian[9]

Turonian[9]

Edgarosaurus muddi

Late Albian[10]

Late Albian[10]

Albian,[11] Late Albian[10]

 
Life restoration of Edgarosaurus muddi

Eromangasaurus australis

Albian[11]

Albian[11]

Albian[11]

 
Life restoration of Eromangasaurus australis

Manemergus anguirostris

Early Turonian[10]

Early Turonian[10]

Maastrichtian,[11] Early Turonian[10]

 
Fossil skeleton of Manemergus anguirostris

Nichollssaura borealis

Early Albian[12]

Early Albian[12]

Early Albian[12]

 
Life restoration of two Nichollssaura borealis

Pahasapasaurus haasi

Cenomanian[13]

Cenomanian[13]

Cenomanian[13]

Plesiopleurodon wellesi

Earliest Cenomanian[14]

Earliest Cenomanian[14]

Cenomanian,[11] Earliest Cenomanian[14]

 
Life restoration of Plesiopleurodon wellesi

Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus

Late Sinemurian[12]

Late Sinemurian[12]

Sinemurian,[5] Late Sinemurian[12]

 
Life restoration of Plesiosaurus dolichodeirus

Plesiosaurus macrocephalus

Sinemurian[5]

Sinemurian[5]

Sinemurian[5]

Plesiosaurus longirostris

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

 
Skeletal mount of Hauffiosaurus longirostris

Pliosaurus brachydeirus

Early Kimmeridgian[15]

Early Kimmeridgian[15]

Kimmeridgian,[5] Early Kimmeridgian[15]

 
Life restoration of Pliosaurus brachydeirus

Pliosaurus portentificus

Kimmeridgian[5]

Kimmeridgian[5]

Kimmeridgian[5]

Pliosaurus brachyspondylus

Kimmeridgian[5]

Kimmeridgian[5]

Pliosaurus irgisensis

Tithonian[5]

Tithonian[5]

Tithonian[5]

Pliosaurus macromerus

Callovian-Tithonian[5]

Callovian-Tithonian[5]

Callovian-Tithonian[5]

 
Lower jaw of Pliosaurus macromerus with restorative model.

Pliosaurus andrewsi

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Polyptychodon interruptus

Turonian-Santonian[5]

Turonian-Santonian[5]

Turonian-Santonian[5]

 
Life restoration of Polyptychodon interruptus

Elasmosaurus platyurus

Campanian[5]

Campanian[5]

Campanian[5]

 
Life restoration of two Elasmosaurus platyurus

Polycotylus latipinnis

Santonian-Campanian[16]

Santonian-Campanian[16]

Santonian,[5] Santonian-Campanian[16]

 
Life restoration of a Polycotylus latipinnis giving birth

Liopleurodon rossicus

Tithonian[5]

Tithonian[5]

Tithonian[5]

 
Life restoration of Pliosaurus rossicus
-->

Liopleurodon pachydeirus

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Liopleurodon ferox

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callawayasaurus colombiensis

Aptian[11]

Aptian[11]

Aptian[11]

 
Skull of Callawayasaurus colombiensis

Kronosaurus boyacensis

Aptian-Albian[5]

Aptian-Albian[5]

Aptian-Albian[5]

 
Life restoration of Kronosaurus boyacensis

Opallionectes andamookaensis

Aptian-Albian[11]

Aptian-Albian[11]

Aptian-Albian[11]

Kronosaurus queenslandicus

Aptian-Albian[5]

Aptian-Albian[5]

Aptian-Albian[5]

 
Life restoration of Kronosaurus queenslandicus

Umoonasaurus demoscyllus

Aptian-Albian[11]

Aptian-Albian[11]

Aptian-Albian[11]

 
Life restoration of Umoonasaurus demoscyllus

Simolestes keileni

Bajocian[5]

Bajocian[5]

Bajocian[5]

Maresaurus coccai

Bajocian[11]

Bajocian[11]

Bajocian[11]

Leptocleidus superstes

Barremian[5]

Barremian[5]

Barremian[5]

 
Bones of Leptocleidus superstes

Yuzhoupliosaurus chengjiangensis

Bathonian[11]

Bathonian[11]

Bathonian[11]

Brancasaurus brancai

Berriasian[5]

Berriasian[5]

Berriasian[5]

 
Skeleton of Brancasaurus brancai

Muraenosaurus leedsi

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

 
Life restoration of Muraenosaurus leedsi

Cryptoclidus richardsoni

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Tricleidus seeleyi

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

 
Bones of Tricleidus seeleyi

Vinialesaurus caroli

Callovian[11]

Callovian[11]

Callovian[11]

Muraenosaurus beloclis

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Peloneustes philarchus

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

 
Life restoration of Peloneustes philarchus

Cryptoclidus eurymerus

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

 
Life restoration of Cryptoclidus eurymerus

Simolestes vorax

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

Callovian[5]

 
Life restoration of Simolestes vorax

Pachycostasaurus dawni

Callovian[11]

Callovian[11]

Callovian[11]

Terminonatator ponteixensis

Campanian[11]

Campanian[11]

Campanian[11]

Mauisaurus haasti

Campanian[5]

Campanian[5]

Campanian[5]

 
Life restoration of Mauisaurus haasti

Dolichorhynchops osborni

Santonian-Campanian[17]

Santonian-Campanian[17]

Campanian,[5] Santonian-Campanian[17]

Martinectes bonneri

Early Campanian[8]

Early Campanian[8]

Early Campanian[8]

 
Skeletal mount of Martinectes bonneri

Tuarangisaurus keysei

Campanian-Maastrichtian[11]

Campanian-Maastrichtian[11]

Campanian-Maastrichtian[11]

 
Skeleton of Tuarangisaurus keysei

Thalassomedon haningtoni

Cenomanian[5]

Cenomanian[5]

Cenomanian[5]

 
Life restoration of Thalassomedon haningtoni

Brachauchenius lucasi

Cenomanian-Turonian[5]

Cenomanian-Turonian[5]

Cenomanian-Turonian[5]

 
Life restoration of Brachauchenius lucasi

Leptocleidus clemai

Hauterivian-Barremian[5]

Hauterivian-Barremian[5]

Hauterivian-Barremian[5]

Thalassiodracon hawkinsii

Rhaetian-Hettangian[18]

Rhaetian-Hettangian[18]

Hettangian,[11] Rhaetian-Hettangian[18]

 
Life restoration of Thalassiodracon hawkinsii

Rhomaleosaurus megacephalus

Hettangian[5]

Hettangian[5]

Hettangian[5]

 
Life restoration of Rhomaleosaurus megacephalus

Eurycleidus arcuatus

Hettangian[5]

Hettangian[5]

Hettangian[5]

Macroplata tenuiceps

Hettangian[5]

Hettangian[5]

Hettangian[5]

 
Life restoration of Macroplata tenuiceps

Kimmerosaurus langhami

Kimmeridgian[5]

Kimmeridgian[5]

Kimmeridgian[5]

Bathyspondylus swindoniensis

Kimmeridgian[11]

Kimmeridgian[11]

Kimmeridgian[11]

Megalneusaurus rex

Kimmeridgian-Portlandian[5]

Kimmeridgian-Portlandian[5]

Kimmeridgian-Portlandian[5]

 
Life restoration of Megalneusaurus rex

Colymbosaurus trochanterius

Kimmeridgian-Tithonian[5]

Kimmeridgian-Tithonian[5]

Kimmeridgian-Tithonian[5]

 
Sacral vertebra] of Colymbosaurus trochanterius

Sinopliosaurus weiyuanensis

Kimmeridgian?[11]

Kimmeridgian?[11]

Kimmeridgian?[11]

Fresnosaurus drescheri

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

Kaiwhekea katiki

Maastrichtian[11]

Maastrichtian[11]

Maastrichtian[11]

 
Life restoration of Kaiwhekea katiki

Leurospondylus ultimus

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

 
Spine of Leurospondylus ultimus

Morenosaurus stocki

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

Hydrotherosaurus alexandrae

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

Maastrichtian[5]

Thililua longicollis

Early Turonian[10]

Early Turonian[10]

Maastrichtian,[11] Early Turonian[10]

 
Life restoration of Sulcusuchus erraini

Sulcusuchus erraini

"Campanian/Maastrichtian"[19]

"Campanian/Maastrichtian"[19]

Maastrichtian,[11] "Campanian/Maastrichtian"[19]

Tatenectes laramiensis

Oxfordian[11]

Oxfordian[11]

Oxfordian[11]

Pantosaurus striatus

Oxfordian[11]

Oxfordian[11]

Oxfordian[11]

Futabasaurus suzukii

Santonian[11]

Santonian[11]

Santonian[11]

 
Life restoration of Futabasaurus suzukii

Georgiasaurus penzensis

Santonian[5]

Santonian[5]

Santonian[5]

Styxosaurus snowii

Santonian-Campanian[5]

Santonian-Campanian[5]

Santonian-Campanian[5]

 
Life restoration of Styxosaurus snowii

Hydralmosaurus serpentinus

Santonian-Campanian[5]

Santonian-Campanian[5]

Santonian-Campanian[5]

Archaeonectrus rostratus

Sinemurian[5]

Sinemurian[5]

Sinemurian[5]

 
Fossil of Archaeonectrus rostratus

Eretmosaurus rugosus

Sinemurian[5]

Sinemurian[5]

Sinemurian[5]

 
Fossil of Eretmosaurus rugosus

Simolestes indicus

Tithonian[5]

Tithonian[5]

Tithonian[5]

Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

 
Life restoration of Rhomaleosaurus cramptoni

Rhomaleosaurus victor

Bishanopliosaurus youngi

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

 
Life restoration of Bishanopliosaurus youngi

Occitanosaurus tournemirensis

Toarcian[11]

Toarcian[11]

Toarcian[11]

Hydrorion brachypterygius

Toarcian[11]

Toarcian[11]

Toarcian[11]

 
Life restoration of Hydrorion brachypterygius

Microcleidus homalospondylus

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

 
Life restoration of Microcleidus homalospondylus

Microcleidus macropterus

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

Sthenarasaurus dawkins

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

Seeleysaurus guilelmiimperatoris

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

Toarcian[5]

 
Life restoration of Seeleysaurus guilelmiimperatoris

Hauffiosaurus zanoni

Toarcian[11]

Toarcian[11]

Toarcian[11]

 
Life restoration of Hauffiosaurus zanoni

Libonectes atlasense

Turonian[5]

Turonian[5]

Turonian[5]

Palmula quadratus

Turonian[13]

Turonian[13]

Turonian,[5] Turonian[13]

Trinacromerum bentonianum

Turonian[13]

Turonian[13]

Turonian,[5] Turonian[13]

 
Life restoration of Trinacromerum bentonianum

Trinacromerum kirki

Turonian[5]

Turonian[5]

Turonian[5]

 
Skeleton of Trinacromerum kirki

Libonectes morgani

Coniacian[18]

Coniacian[18]

Turonian,[5] Coniacian[18]

 
Life restoration of Libonectes morgani

Eopolycotylus rankini

Turonian[20]

Turonian[20]

Turonian,[11] Turonian[20]

Leptocleidus capensis

Valanginian[5]

Valanginian[5]

Valanginian[5]

 
Life restoration of Leptocleidus capensis

Pliosaurus funkei

Lusonectes sauvagei

 
Bones of Lusonectes sauvagei

Djupedalia engeri

Avalonnectes arturi

 
Avalonnectes arturi

Eoplesiosaurus antiquior

 
Eoplesiosaurus antiquior

Stratesaurus taylori

 
Stratesaurus taylori

Anningasaura lymense

 
Skull of Anningasaura lymense

Zarafasaura oceanis

 
Skull and neck of Zarafasaura oceanis

Westphaliasaurus simonsensii

Pliensbachian[21]

Pliensbachian[21]

Pliensbachian[21]

Marmornectes candrewi

Hauffiosaurus tomistomimus]

Meyerasaurus victor

Toarcian[22]

 
Life restoration of Meyerasaurus victor

Megacephalosaurus eulerti

Gronausaurus wegneri

Cryonectes neustriacus

 
Cryonectes neustriacus

Vectocleidus pastorum

Hastanectes valdensis

Spitrasaurus wensaasi

Spitrasaurus larseni

Nakonanectes bradti

Sinemurian

Sinemurian

Mauriciosaurus fernandezi

Early Turonian

Early Turonian

Polycotylus sopozkoi

Dawazisaurus brevis

Lariosaurus vosseveldensis

Stenorhynchosaurus munozi

Vegasaurus molyi

Early Maastrichtian[23]

Early Maastrichtian[23]

Early Maastrichtian[23]

Kawanectes lafquenianum

Atychodracon megacephalus

 
Life restoration of Atychodracon megacephalus

Anguanax zignoi

 
Anguanax zignoi

Pliosaurus patagonicus

Pliosaurus patagonicus

Pliosaurus carpenteri

Late Kimmeridgian[24]

Late Kimmeridgian[24]

Late Kimmeridgian[24]

Pliosaurus kevani

Early Kimmeridgian[25]

Kimmeridgian[26]

Early Kimmeridgian-Kimmeridgian[26]

 
Pliosaurus kevani

Pliosaurus westburyensis

Late Kimmeridgian[27]

Late Kimmeridgian[27]

Late Kimmeridgian[27]

Luskhan itilensis

Hauterivian

Hauterivian

Arminisaurus schuberti

Late Pliensbachian

Late Pliensbachian

 
Life restoration of Arminisaurus schuberti

Lagenanectes richterae

Early Hauterivian

Early Barremian

 
Known material of Lagenanectes richterae with a human to scale

Footnotes

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  1. ^ a b c Berezin (2011); "Abstract", page 648.
  2. ^ a b c Kubo, Mitchell, and Henderson (2012); "Abstract", page 557.
  3. ^ a b c Otero et al. (2016); "Abstract".
  4. ^ a b c Sennikov and Arkhangelsky (2010); "Abstract", page 567.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy dz ea eb ec ed ee ef eg eh ei ej ek el em en eo ep eq er es et eu ev ew ex ey ez fa fb fc fd fe ff fg fh fi fj fk fl fm fn fo fp fq fr fs Smith (2007); "Appendix 1", page 257.
  6. ^ a b c Otero et al. (2014); "Abstract", page 100.
  7. ^ a b c Araújo et al. (2015); "Abstract", page 109.
  8. ^ a b c d e f Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 30.
  9. ^ a b c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), pages 30-31.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 32.
  11. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl Smith (2007); "Appendix 1", page 258.
  12. ^ a b c d e f Morgan (2016); "Out-Group" (cont.), page 29.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 31.
  14. ^ a b c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 33.
  15. ^ a b c Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus brachydeirus Owen, 1841", page 5.
  16. ^ a b c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa", page 29.
  17. ^ a b c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), pages 29-30.
  18. ^ a b c d e f Morgan (2016); "Out-Group", page 28.
  19. ^ a b c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), page 34.
  20. ^ a b c Morgan (2016); "In-Group Taxa" (cont.), pages 31-32.
  21. ^ a b c Sato et al. (2014); "Phylogenetic and functional inferences", page 72.
  22. ^ Smith (2007); "Appendix 1", page 257. Classified under the obsolete binomial "Rhomaleosaurus victor".
  23. ^ a b c O'Gorman et al. (2015); "Abstract".
  24. ^ a b c Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus carpenteri n. sp.", pages 8-9.
  25. ^ Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus kevani n. sp.", page 5.
  26. ^ a b Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus kevani n. sp.", page 5. Note that although Benson et al. describe the tentatively referred Pliosaurus kevani specimen CAMSM J.35990 and the Lower Kimmeridgian Aulacostephanus mutabilis Biozone from which it likely originated as Lower Kimmeridgian, their "Table 1" on page 25 regard both as Upper Kimmeridgian in age.
  27. ^ a b c Benson et al. (2013); "Pliosaurus westburyensis n. sp.", page 5.

References

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