FXYD domain-containing ion transport regulator 5 also named dysadherin (human) or RIC (mouse) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the FXYD5 gene.[5]

FXYD5
Identifiers
AliasesFXYD5, DYSAD, IWU1, KCT1, OIT2, PRO6241, RIC, HSPC113, FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 5
External IDsOMIM: 606669; MGI: 1201785; HomoloGene: 7458; GeneCards: FXYD5; OMA:FXYD5 - orthologs
Orthologs
SpeciesHumanMouse
Entrez
Ensembl
UniProt
RefSeq (mRNA)

NM_001164605
NM_014164
NM_144779
NM_001320912
NM_001320913

NM_001111073
NM_001287213
NM_001287217
NM_008761

RefSeq (protein)

NP_001158077
NP_001307841
NP_001307842
NP_054883
NP_659003

NP_001104543
NP_001274142
NP_001274146
NP_032787

Location (UCSC)Chr 19: 35.15 – 35.17 MbChr 7: 30.73 – 30.74 Mb
PubMed search[3][4]
Wikidata
View/Edit HumanView/Edit Mouse

Function

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This gene encodes a member of a family of small membrane proteins that share a 35-amino acid signature sequence domain, beginning with the sequence PFXYD and containing 7 invariant and 6 highly conserved amino acids. The approved human gene nomenclature for the family is FXYD-domain containing ion transport regulator. Mouse FXYD5 has been termed RIC (Related to Ion Channel). FXYD2, also known as the gamma subunit of the Na,K-ATPase, regulates the properties of that enzyme. FXYD1 (phospholemman), FXYD2 (gamma), FXYD3 (MAT-8), FXYD4 (CHIF), and FXYD5 (RIC) have been shown to induce channel activity in experimental expression systems. Transmembrane topology has been established for two family members (FXYD1 and FXYD2), with the N-terminus extracellular and the C-terminus on the cytoplasmic side of the membrane. This gene product, FXYD5, has not been characterized as a protein. Two transcript variants have been found for this gene, and they are both predicted to encode the same protein.[5]

Dysadherin is the gamma5 subunit of the human Na,K-ATPase. Of all the FXYD members, dysadherin is the only member that has a large extracellular sequence of 140 amino acids. Dysadherin has been observed to be over-expressed on the surface of cells that have down regulated levels of surface E-cadherin. CCL2 (bone homing cytokine)is a protein that is highly affected by silencing dysadherin expression. Dysadherin interferes with cell adhesion via beta1 subunit interactions.[6] Dysadherin is a target for an extracellular antibody drug conjugate where the antibody to dysadherin is attached to a cardiac glycoside.[7]

Clinical significance

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Dysadherin has been found to be a marker for metastatic cancers and found up-regulated in multiple cancer types.[7]

References

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  1. ^ a b c GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000089327Ensembl, May 2017
  2. ^ a b c GRCm38: Ensembl release 89: ENSMUSG00000009687Ensembl, May 2017
  3. ^ "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  4. ^ "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
  5. ^ a b "Entrez Gene: FXYD5 FXYD domain containing ion transport regulator 5".
  6. ^ Tokhtaeva E, Sun H, Deiss-Yehiely N, Wen Y, Soni PN, Gabrielli NM, Marcus EA, Ridge KM, Sachs G, Vazquez-Levin M, Sznajder JI, Vagin O, Dada LA (June 2016). "The O-glycosylated ectodomain of FXYD5 impairs adhesion by disrupting cell-cell trans-dimerization of Na,K-ATPase β1 subunits". Journal of Cell Science. 129 (12): 2394–406. doi:10.1242/jcs.186148. PMC 4920254. PMID 27142834.
  7. ^ a b Marshall DJ, Harried SS, Murphy JL, Hall CA, Shekhani MS, Pain C, Lyons CA, Chillemi A, Malavasi F, Pearce HL, Thorson JS, Prudent JR (October 2016). "Extracellular Antibody Drug Conjugates Exploiting the Proximity of Two Proteins". Molecular Therapy. 24 (10): 1760–1770. doi:10.1038/mt.2016.119. PMC 5112037. PMID 27434591.

Further reading

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