Chelkan (also Chalkan, Chalqandu) is a Turkic language spoken in the Altai Republic in Russia.
Chelkan | |
---|---|
Kuu-Kizhi, Chalkan | |
куу, чалканду | |
Native to | Russia |
Region | Altai Republic |
Ethnicity | Chelkans |
Native speakers | 648 (2021)[1] |
Turkic
| |
Cyrillic script | |
Language codes | |
ISO 639-3 | – |
Glottolog | chel1242 |
![]() A map of the Altai languages, including Chelkan (in red). |
The Chelkans
editThe Chelkans are sometimes called "Lebeds" (Russian: Лебедины, Lebediny), of the name of the river which runs through the Altai Republic, or Qu'Kiji. In the 2002 Russian census, their population rose to 855 people.
Internal classification
editChelkan is classified in the Siberian Turkic languages. It is considered to be a dialect of Northern Altai. Chelkan, aside from knowing Chelkan, can also understand Tubalar and Kumandin.
Phonology
editConsonants
editLabial | Alveolar | Postalveolar | Palatal | Velar | Uvular | Pharyngeal | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nasal | /m/ | /n/ | /ɲ/ | /ŋ/ | ||||
Stop | voiceless | /p/ | /t/ | /k/ | /q/ | |||
voiced | /d/ | /g/ | ||||||
Fricative | voiceless | /s/ | /ʃ/ | /ħ/ | ||||
voiced | /β/ | /z/ | /ʒ/ | /ɣ/ | ||||
Approximant | /w/ | /l/ | /j/ | |||||
Vibrant | /r/ |
Vowels
editFront | Back | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
unrounded | rounded | unrounded | rounded | |||||
short | long | short | long | short | long | short | long | |
Close | i | iː | ʏ | ʏː | ɪ | ɪː | ʊ | ʊː |
e | eː | |||||||
Mid | œ | œː | ɔ | ɔː | ||||
Open | ɑ | ɑː |
Orthography
editIn 2008, an alphabet was created for the Chelkan language.
А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ӷ ӷ | Д д | Ј ј | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
З з | И и | Й й | К к | Л л | М м | Н н | Ң ң | О о | Ӧ ӧ |
П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х | Ц ц | Ч ч |
Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
In 2017-18, the alphabet was modified with the addition of the letter Њ њ.
А а | Б б | В в | Г г | Ғ ғ | Д д | Ј ј | Е е | Ё ё | Ж ж |
З з | И и | Й й | К к | Қ қ | Л л | М м | Н н | Ҥ ҥ | Њ њ |
О о | Ӧ ӧ | П п | Р р | С с | Т т | У у | Ӱ ӱ | Ф ф | Х х |
Ц ц | Ч ч | Ш ш | Щ щ | Ъ ъ | Ы ы | Ь ь | Э э | Ю ю | Я я |
Notes and references
edit- ^ 7. НАСЕЛЕНИЕ НАИБОЛЕЕ МНОГОЧИСЛЕННЫХ НАЦИОНАЛЬНОСТЕЙ ПО РОДНОМУ ЯЗЫКУ
- ^ a b "Челканский | Малые языки России". minlang.iling-ran.ru. Retrieved 2024-06-12.
Sources
edit- (ru) Баскаков, Н.A., Диалект чернёвых татар (туба-кижи), Северные диалекты алтаиского (ойротского) языка, 2 volumes, Moscou, Nauka, 1965–1966.
External links
edit- Ethnologue: Languages of the World (unknown ed.). SIL International.[This citation is dated, and should be substituted with a specific edition of Ethnologue], which is incorrect about Northern Altai dialects, for which it gives names of southern dialects as alternative names.
- (en) Chelkan on the Russian UNESCO website for Siberian languages