The Canon of Groningen is a list of 40 hallmarks and 52 icons that provides a chronological summary of the history of the city and province of Groningen.
![](http://upload.luquay.com/wikipedia/commons/0/06/Ubbo-Emmius.jpg)
![](http://upload.luquay.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d1/Willem_Lodewijk_van_Nassau_1560-1620.jpg/200px-Willem_Lodewijk_van_Nassau_1560-1620.jpg)
![](http://upload.luquay.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/Aletta_Jacobs2.jpg/200px-Aletta_Jacobs2.jpg)
![](http://upload.luquay.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/d0/Plaquette_Albert_Egges_van_Giffen.jpg/200px-Plaquette_Albert_Egges_van_Giffen.jpg)
![](http://upload.luquay.com/wikipedia/commons/thumb/2/2d/Wubbo_Ockels_2007.jpg/200px-Wubbo_Ockels_2007.jpg)
The canon is an initiative of the former Huis van de Groninger Cultuur (since 2017 the Centrum Groninger Taal en Cultuur),[1] the Cultuurhistorische vereniging Stad en Lande[2] and the Regional Historic Center Groninger Archieven .[3] On 8 May 2008, the canon was launched by the Queen's Commissioner Max van den Berg by firing a cannon at the Groninger Archieven. The canon has appeared in print[4] and can be viewed online.[5] This is the first provincial canon after the publication of the Canon of the Netherlands in 2006.
Hallmarks
editA selection of themes covered in the canon:
- 1. Hunebedden (3000 BCE–2000 BCE)[6]
- 10. The staple right (1473–1798)[7]
- 13. Battle of Heiligerlee (1568)[8]
- 14. The Reduction (1594)[9]
- 24. Patriotten and prinsgezinden (1780–1795)[10]
- 27. The Afscheiding (1834–1840)[11]
- 32. De Ploeg (1918–present)[12]
- 37. The Gas Bubble of Slochteren (1959–present)[13]
- 40. Blauwe Stad (2005)[14]
Icons
edit- Ludger (742–809), missionary
- Walfridus of Bedum (10th/11th century), martyr
- Emo of Friesland (c. 1175–1237), abbot and chronicler
- Menko of Bloemhof (born 1213), abbot and chronicler
- Rodolphus Agricola (1444–1485), humanist scholar
- Beetke of Rasquert (died 1554), businesswoman
- Bartholt Entens of Mentheda (1539–1580), watergeus
- Ubbo Emmius (1547–1625), rector magnificus
- William Louis, Count of Nassau-Dillenburg (1560–1620), stadhouder
- Adriaan Clant (1599–1665), diplomat
- Carl von Rabenhaupt (1602–1675), defender of Stad and Ommelanden
- Abel Tasman (1603–1659), explorer
- Adriaan Geerts Wildervanck (1605–1661), peat colonist and founder of Wildervank
- Herman Collenius (1650–1723), painter
- Johann Bernoulli (1667–1748), mathematician, physicist, professor
- John William, Baron Ripperda (1682–1737), ambassador
- Rudolf de Mepsche (1695–1754), jonker and grietman
- Daniel Bernoulli (1700–1782), mathematician, physicist, professor
- Wilhelmus Schortinghuis (1700–1750), minister and pietist
- Petrus Camper (1722–1789), zoologist, physician and professor
- Geert Reinders (1737–1815), rinderpest fighter and patriot
- Gerard Bacot (1743–1822), minister and patriot
- Hendrik Wester (1752–1821), schoolteacher and education reformer
- Henri Daniel Guyot (1753–1828), founder of the Henri Daniel Guyot Institute
- Hendrik de Cock (1801–1842), minister, stood at the cradle of the Afscheiding
- Anthony Winkler Prins (1817–1908), writer and chief editor of the Winkler Prins encyclopedia
- Willem Albert Scholten (1819–1892), industrialist
- Jozef Israëls (1824–1911), painter
- Samuel van Houten (1837–1930), politician
- Otto Eerelman (1839–1926), painter
- Pieter Roelf Bos (1847–1902), publisher of the Bosatlas
- Hendrik Goeman Borgesius (1847–1917), minister
- Jacobus Kapteyn (1851–1922), astronomer and professor
- Heike Kamerlingh Onnes (1853–1926), physicist and Nobel laureate
- Aletta Jacobs (1854–1929), physician and women's suffrage activist
- Jan Schaper (1868–1934), politician
- Kornelis ter Laan (1871–1963), politician
- Johan Huizinga (1872–1945), historian
- Cornelis Jetses (1873–1955), illustrator
- Hendrik Nicolaas Werkman (1882–1945), artist
- Albert Egges van Giffen (1884–1973), archaeologist
- Frits Zernike (1888–1966), physicist and Nobel laureate
- Hendrik de Vries (1896–1989), poet and painter
- Dirk Stikker (1897–1979), Secretary General of NATO and diplomat
- Bert Röling (1906–1985), jurist
- Sicco Mansholt (1908–1995), minister and President of the European Commission
- Fré Meis (1921–1992), trade unionist
- Gerrit Krol (1934–2013), writer and poet
- Rutger Kopland (1934–2012), poet
- Ede Staal (1941–1986), singer
- Wubbo Ockels (1946–2014), astronaut
- Marianne Timmer (born 1974), speed skater
See also
editReferences
edit- ^ "CGTC | Actualiteitensite van Centrum Groninger Taal en Cultuur" (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Vereniging Stad en Lande | Voor iedereen met interesse in de geschiedenis van stad en provincie Groningen" (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Maak Geschiedenis – Groninger Archieven" (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ Boels, Hendrik; Buursma, Albert (2008). Canon van Groningen: 40 ijkpunten uit de Groninger geschiedenis (in Dutch). Groningen: Huis van de Groninger Cultuur. ISBN 9789080922952.
- ^ "Canon › De verhalen van Groningen". deverhalenvangroningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Groninger IJkpunt 1: Hunebedden". deverhalenvangroningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Groninger IJkpunt 10: Het stapelrecht". deverhalenvangroningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Groninger IJkpunt 13: Slag bij Heiligerlee". deverhalenvangroningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Groninger IJkpunt 14: De Reductie". deverhalenvangroningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Groninger IJkpunt 24: Patriotten en prinsgezinden". deverhalenvangroningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Groninger IJkpunt 27: De Afscheiding". deverhalenvangroningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Groninger IJkpunt 32: De Ploeg". deverhalenvangroningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Groninger IJkpunt 37: De Gasbel van Slochteren". deverhalenvangroningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.
- ^ "Groninger IJkpunt 40: Blauwe Stad". deverhalenvangroningen.nl (in Dutch). Retrieved 21 May 2022.