In graph-theoretic mathematics, a biregular graph[1] or semiregular bipartite graph[2] is a bipartite graph for which every two vertices on the same side of the given bipartition have the same degree as each other. If the degree of the vertices in is and the degree of the vertices in is , then the graph is said to be -biregular.

Graph families defined by their automorphisms
distance-transitive distance-regular strongly regular
symmetric (arc-transitive) t-transitive, t ≥ 2 skew-symmetric
(if connected)
vertex- and edge-transitive
edge-transitive and regular edge-transitive
vertex-transitive regular (if bipartite)
biregular
Cayley graph zero-symmetric asymmetric
The graph of the rhombic dodecahedron is biregular.

Example

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Every complete bipartite graph   is  -biregular.[3] The rhombic dodecahedron is another example; it is (3,4)-biregular.[4]

Vertex counts

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An  -biregular graph   must satisfy the equation  . This follows from a simple double counting argument: the number of endpoints of edges in   is  , the number of endpoints of edges in   is  , and each edge contributes the same amount (one) to both numbers.

Symmetry

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Every regular bipartite graph is also biregular. Every edge-transitive graph (disallowing graphs with isolated vertices) that is not also vertex-transitive must be biregular.[3] In particular every edge-transitive graph is either regular or biregular.

Configurations

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The Levi graphs of geometric configurations are biregular; a biregular graph is the Levi graph of an (abstract) configuration if and only if its girth is at least six.[5]

References

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  1. ^ Scheinerman, Edward R.; Ullman, Daniel H. (1997), Fractional graph theory, Wiley-Interscience Series in Discrete Mathematics and Optimization, New York: John Wiley & Sons Inc., p. 137, ISBN 0-471-17864-0, MR 1481157.
  2. ^ Dehmer, Matthias; Emmert-Streib, Frank (2009), Analysis of Complex Networks: From Biology to Linguistics, John Wiley & Sons, p. 149, ISBN 9783527627998.
  3. ^ a b Lauri, Josef; Scapellato, Raffaele (2003), Topics in Graph Automorphisms and Reconstruction, London Mathematical Society Student Texts, Cambridge University Press, pp. 20–21, ISBN 9780521529037.
  4. ^ Réti, Tamás (2012), "On the relationships between the first and second Zagreb indices" (PDF), MATCH Commun. Math. Comput. Chem., 68: 169–188, archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-08-29, retrieved 2012-09-02.
  5. ^ Gropp, Harald (2007), "VI.7 Configurations", in Colbourn, Charles J.; Dinitz, Jeffrey H. (eds.), Handbook of combinatorial designs, Discrete Mathematics and its Applications (Boca Raton) (Second ed.), Chapman & Hall/CRC, Boca Raton, Florida, pp. 353–355.