Armando J. Parodi (born March 16, 1942) is an Argentine glycobiologist. He did his initial education at the School of Sciences of the University of Buenos Aires. His PhD work was done under Luis Federico Leloir, a recipient of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for his work involving the finding of sugar nucleotides and how they play a role in the making of oligosaccharides and polysaccharides. He also pursued postdoc work at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France and Duke University in Durham, NC, USA.

Early life and education

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Although his father was a physician who worked more in academia than in a clinic, the lack of strong science teachers in secondary school led him to become more interested in politics. However, when he graduated high school, Parodi attended the School of Sciences at the University of Buenos Aires. The reason for this, was his interest in Chemistry that developed as a result of having a Chemistry teacher in secondary school that excited him about the subject. Due to the restructuring of the Higher Education system as a result of Juan Perón’s dictatorship, many of his professors were younger and recent graduates of post-doctoral programs in the US and Europe. During his final year at the University of Buenos Aires, his father suggested that he should pursue his PhD at the Fundación Instituto Leloir, and so he enrolled in the Biochemistry course there. While working under Luis F. Leloir, Parodi saw that Leloir was able to synthesize particulate glycogen in vitro and that influenced the direction of his future research.[1]

Parodi also completed a 2 year postdoctoral fellowship at the Pasteur Institute in Paris, France.[2]

Research and career

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While working under Luis F. Leloir, Parodi’s research was involved with the synthesis of particulate glycogen de novo using UDP-Glc and rat livers for glycogen synthase. In 1970, he joined Leloir and Nicolas Behrens in their research that was involved with the incubation of dolichol-P-Glc using liver microsomes to transfer glucose to a dolichol-P-P-linked glycan known as Glc3Man9GlcNAc2-P-P-dolichol.[1]

After completing his fellowship in Paris, and returning to Buenos Aires, between the years of 1975 and 1978, he conducted research involved with demonstrating the presence of a dolichol-P-dependent pathway of N-glycosylation in yeast. However, a paper in 1980 that stated the lack of free or sugar-bound dolichol-P in trypanosomatid protozoa meant that the pathway he discovered was not in the organism. This lead him to do his own research with trypanosomatids and using 14C Glucose he found that the synthesis of dolichol-P-P-glycans in protozoa was possible but glucose was lacking in the formed glycans.[2]

Further research into glycans in trypanosomes, specifically Trypanosoma cruzi, was conducted by Parodi. Using short pulses of 14C, three protein glycans were produced and they were known as Glc1Man9GlcNAc2, Glc1Man8GlcNAc2, and Glc1Man7GlcNAc2. These were then replaced by Man9GlcNAc2, Man8GlcNAc2, Man7GlcNAc2, and Man6GlcNAc2 in the mature versions of the glycoproteins. This led to the conclusion that the transfer of a glucose to the Man9GlcNAc2 was the only way that Glc1Man9GlcNAc2 could have been made.[3]

Parodi also looked into how glucosylation/deglucosylation in the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum were involved with the correct folding of N-linked glycoproteins. His research led him to find that misfolding allowed for conformations that would allow for glycoproteins to act as glucose acceptors. He was able to find this using UDP-Glc: glycoprotein GT that worked as ways of sensing the various conformations of the glycoproteins. The sensitive of GT was very helpful as it was able to detect formations that were undetectable via other methods. This work was crucial in discovering how protein folding was controlled. By looking at how GT encouraged proper folding, the enzyme was found as a stress protein and there was increased synthesis of it during periods of stress for the endoplasmic reticulum.[4]

Recent work by Parodi has looked at how Glucosidase I removes glucose from Glc3Man9GlcNAc2. He has looked at how glycosylation MOGS-CDG leads to Glucosidase 1 encoding gene mutations. Absence of this GI has been linked to death in certain yeasts, specifically, Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Parodi and his team wanted to look at this mutation and understand what was causing the defects in these Δgls1-S cells.[5]

Awards and honors

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References

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  1. ^ a b Parodi, Armando J. (2007). "How I became a biochemist". IUBMB Life. 59 (4–5): 361–363. doi:10.1080/15216540601080198. ISSN 1521-6551. S2CID 86051162.
  2. ^ a b Kresge, Nicole; Simoni, Robert D.; Hill, Robert L. (2008-04-18). "The Transient Glucosylation of Glycoproteins: the Work of Armando J. Parodi". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 283 (16): e8. ISSN 0021-9258.
  3. ^ Doyle, Patricia; de la Canal, Laura; Engel, Juan C.; Parodi, Armando J. (October 1986). "Characterization of the mechanism of protein glycosylation and the structure of glycoconjugates in tissue culture trypomastigotes and intracellular amastigotes of Trypanosoma cruzi". Molecular and Biochemical Parasitology. 21 (1): 93–101. doi:10.1016/0166-6851(86)90083-6. ISSN 0166-6851. PMID 3534566.
  4. ^ a b "Armando J. Parodi: 2011 Karl Meyer Award Goes to Armando Parodi". Society for Glycobiology. Archived from the original on 2017-07-03. Retrieved March 8, 2020.
  5. ^ Gallo, Giovanna L.; Valko, Ayelén; Aramburu, Sofía I.; Etchegaray, Emiliana; Völker, Christof; Parodi, Armando J.; D'Alessio, Cecilia (2018-11-02). "Abrogation of glucosidase I–mediated glycoprotein deglucosylation results in a sick phenotype in fission yeasts: Model for the human MOGS-CDG disorder". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 293 (52): 19957–19973. doi:10.1074/jbc.ra118.004844. ISSN 0021-9258. PMC 6311512. PMID 30389790.
  6. ^ a b c d e f g "Armando J. Parodi". Fundacion Konex. Archived from the original on 2018-03-26. Retrieved March 9, 2020.