1130 Skuld, provisional designation 1929 RC, is a stony Florian asteroid from the inner regions of the asteroid belt, approximately 10 kilometers in diameter. It was named after Skuld from Norse mythology.[2]

1130 Skuld
Modelled shape of Skuld from its lightcurve
Discovery[1]
Discovered byK. Reinmuth
Discovery siteHeidelberg Obs.
Discovery date2 September 1929
Designations
(1130) Skuld
Named after
Skuld (Norse mythology)[2]
1929 RC · 1928 FJ
1949 UD · 1962 LA
A906 VC
main-belt · Flora[3]
Orbital characteristics[1]
Epoch 4 September 2017 (JD 2458000.5)
Uncertainty parameter 0
Observation arc110.38 yr (40,316 days)
Aphelion2.6701 AU
Perihelion1.7864 AU
2.2282 AU
Eccentricity0.1983
3.33 yr (1,215 days)
173.35°
0° 17m 46.68s / day
Inclination2.1677°
216.13°
113.81°
Physical characteristics
Dimensions9.63±0.44 km[4]
9.99 km (derived)[3]
10.125±0.092 km[5]
10.24±0.64 km[6]
11.009±0.091 km[7]
4.73±0.02 h[8]
4.807±0.002 h[9]
4.8079±0.0005 h[10]
4.810 h[a]
0.1995±0.0461[7]
0.24 (assumed)[3]
0.244±0.033[6]
0.302±0.031[4]
S[3]
12.0[1][4] · 12.10[6] · 12.17[3][7] · 12.17±0.02[9]

Discovery

edit

Skuld was discovered on 2 September 1929, by German astronomer Karl Reinmuth at Heidelberg Observatory in southwest Germany.[11] The body was independently discovered by astronomers and fellow countrymen Arnold Schwassmann and Arno Wachmann at the Hamburger Bergedorf Observatory ten nights later.[2]

It was first identified as A906 VC at Heidelberg in 1906, extending the asteroid's observation arc by 23 years prior to its official discovery observation.[11]

Orbit and classification

edit

Skuld is a member of the Flora family, one of the largest groups of stony S-type asteroids in the main-belt. It orbits the Sun in the inner main-belt at a distance of 1.8–2.7 AU once every 3 years and 4 months (1,215 days). Its orbit has an eccentricity of 0.20 and an inclination of 2° with respect to the ecliptic.[1]

Naming

edit

This minor planet was named after Skuld, one of the three Norns in Norse mythology. The asteroids 167 Urda and 621 Werdandi are named after the other two Norns.[2] Naming citation was first mentioned in The Names of the Minor Planets by Paul Herget in 1955 (H 110).[2]

Physical characteristics

edit

Rotation period

edit

In January 2004, the first rotational lightcurves of Skuld were obtained by Henk de Groot and by a group of Polish and French astronomers. Lightcurve analysis gave a rotation period of 4.73 and 4.8079 hours with a brightness variation of 0.46 and 0.40 magnitude, respectively (U=2+/3-).[8][10]

In 2009 and 2011, astronomers Robert Buchheim and Larry Robinson obtained two well-defined lightcurves from photometric observations. They gave a refined period of 4.810 and 4.807 hours with an amplitude of 0.50 and 0.26 magnitude, respectively (U=3/3).[9][a]

Diameter and albedo

edit

According to the surveys carried out by the Japanese Akari satellite and NASA's Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer with its subsequent NEOWISE mission, Skuld measures between 9.63 and 11.009 kilometers in diameter and its surface has an albedo between 0.1995 and 0.302.[4][5][6][7] The Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link assumes an albedo of 0.24 – derived from 8 Flora, the largest member and namesake of this orbital family – and calculates a diameter of 9.99 kilometers with an absolute magnitude of 12.17.[3]

Notes

edit
  1. ^ a b Robinson (2011) web: rotation period 4.810 hours with a brightness amplitude of 0.5 mag. Summary figures for (1130) Skuld at 2=Collaborative Asteroid Lightcurve Link (CALL)

References

edit
  1. ^ a b c d "JPL Small-Body Database Browser: 1130 Skuld (1929 RC)" (2017-03-29 last obs.). Jet Propulsion Laboratory. Retrieved 26 July 2017.
  2. ^ a b c d e Schmadel, Lutz D. (2007). "(1130) Skuld". Dictionary of Minor Planet Names. Springer Berlin Heidelberg. p. 96. doi:10.1007/978-3-540-29925-7_1131. ISBN 978-3-540-00238-3.
  3. ^ a b c d e f "LCDB Data for (1130) Skuld". Asteroid Lightcurve Database (LCDB). Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  4. ^ a b c d Masiero, Joseph R.; Mainzer, A. K.; Grav, T.; Bauer, J. M.; Cutri, R. M.; Nugent, C.; et al. (November 2012). "Preliminary Analysis of WISE/NEOWISE 3-Band Cryogenic and Post-cryogenic Observations of Main Belt Asteroids". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 759 (1): 5. arXiv:1209.5794. Bibcode:2012ApJ...759L...8M. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/759/1/L8. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  5. ^ a b Masiero, Joseph R.; Grav, T.; Mainzer, A. K.; Nugent, C. R.; Bauer, J. M.; Stevenson, R.; et al. (August 2014). "Main-belt Asteroids with WISE/NEOWISE: Near-infrared Albedos". The Astrophysical Journal. 791 (2): 11. arXiv:1406.6645. Bibcode:2014ApJ...791..121M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/791/2/121. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  6. ^ a b c d Usui, Fumihiko; Kuroda, Daisuke; Müller, Thomas G.; Hasegawa, Sunao; Ishiguro, Masateru; Ootsubo, Takafumi; et al. (October 2011). "Asteroid Catalog Using Akari: AKARI/IRC Mid-Infrared Asteroid Survey". Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan. 63 (5): 1117–1138. Bibcode:2011PASJ...63.1117U. doi:10.1093/pasj/63.5.1117. (online, AcuA catalog p. 153)
  7. ^ a b c d Mainzer, A.; Grav, T.; Masiero, J.; Hand, E.; Bauer, J.; Tholen, D.; et al. (November 2011). "NEOWISE Studies of Spectrophotometrically Classified Asteroids: Preliminary Results". The Astrophysical Journal. 741 (2): 25. arXiv:1109.6407. Bibcode:2011ApJ...741...90M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/741/2/90.
  8. ^ a b Behrend, Raoul. "Asteroids and comets rotation curves – (1130) Skuld". Geneva Observatory. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  9. ^ a b c Buchheim, Robert K. (April 2010). "Lightcurve and Phase Curve of 1130 Skuld". The Minor Planet Bulletin. 37 (2): 41–42. Bibcode:2010MPBu...37...41B. ISSN 1052-8091. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  10. ^ a b Kryszczynska, A.; Colas, F.; Polinska, M.; Hirsch, R.; Ivanova, V.; Apostolovska, G.; et al. (October 2012). "Do Slivan states exist in the Flora family?. I. Photometric survey of the Flora region". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 546: 51. Bibcode:2012A&A...546A..72K. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219199. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  11. ^ a b "1130 Skuld (1929 RC)". Minor Planet Center. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
edit