File:11th century Panchalingeshwara temples group, Kalyani Chalukya, Sedam Karnataka India - 78.jpg
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Summary
Description11th century Panchalingeshwara temples group, Kalyani Chalukya, Sedam Karnataka India - 78.jpg |
English: Sedam, spelled as Seram in early 20th-century archaeological survey literature, is a small town about 50 kilometers southeast of Gulbarga city (Highway 10). It is near the Karnataka-Telangana border. Close to the Kamlawati river, are many temples from the 9th to 12th-century, but most were destroyed during the Hindu kingdoms and Islamic Sultanates wars after 14th-century. One large and heavy stone temples group – the Pancha Linga temple, also called Panchalingeswara temple – survives in good architectural condition. However, inside the mandapa, there is visible damage – chopped heads, limbs, defacement.
These temples in Sedam were built by the Kalyani Chalukya rulers in the 11th-century. The Panchalingeshvara temples group originally consisted of many temples as evidenced by the foundation remains with missing temples. Four of these have survived, of which two are main temples. All are of Shaivism tradition and reverentially include Shaktism and Vaishnavism motifs. The temple is notable for the alignment of the four temples. The two large temples are at right-angle to each other. One faces west and other north. Both have lifesize dwarapalas at their entrance, but one has a pair female dwarapalas, another male pair. The dvarapalas have a lot of details, for example the sophisticated hairdo of the female dwarapalas is included on their back. The mandapa pillars and ceilings of both are intricately carved with decorative artworks and mythical Hindu legends. Tandava Nataraja theme is common inside, and the temple reverentially includes Brahma and Vishnu. A large Ganesha statue graces in the mandapa, and another side has Kartikeya. Nandi face the sanctums of all temples, and for the two main temples, the Nandi too are intricately carved wearing jewelry. The sanctums entrances have Gaja-lakshmi and inside are Shiva linga, with one depicting eyes, the other sanctum plain Shiva linga. Of the four temples, the other two are smaller temples, with one facing east and the last south. Outside temple walls and surfaces show broken reliefs and also signs of more uniform natural erosion. Recent restoration work has improved the temple's condition, but an overcoat of lime hides some of artwork. Archaeological surveys have identified many more Hindu and Jain temples and ruins spread in and near Sedam, suggestive of it being an important Chalukya city, but most of these monuments are nearby empty or in ruins. |
Date | |
Source | P. Madhusudan |
Author | P. Madhusudan |
Camera location | 17° 10′ 37″ N, 77° 17′ 32″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 17.176944; 77.292222 |
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Licensing
Photographs created by P. Madhusudan, Telangaana, India uploaded by User:Ms Sarah Welch are released as CC-0.
This license & permission applies only to the photographs and not to any protected works that might be depicted in the media itself. Unless stated otherwise, the content depicted in the media is in the public domain due to its age.
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17°10'36.998"N, 77°17'31.999"E
29 January 2021
0.00072780203784570596 second
1.7
3.93 millimetre
image/jpeg
0aba35d006b10ffe7d84a56f61b1fcc489875d64
4,140,845 byte
3,456 pixel
4,608 pixel
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 16:49, 10 February 2021 | 4,608 × 3,456 (3.95 MB) | Ms Sarah Welch | Uploaded a work by P. Madhusudan from P. Madhusudan (OTRS 2021020910004089) with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | samsung |
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Camera model | SM-J810G |
Exposure time | 1/1,374 sec (0.00072780203784571) |
F-number | f/1.7 |
ISO speed rating | 40 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:19, 29 January 2021 |
Lens focal length | 3.93 mm |
Latitude | 17° 10′ 37″ N |
Longitude | 77° 17′ 32″ E |
Altitude | 0 meters above sea level |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | J810GDDU2ASB1 |
File change date and time | 13:19, 29 January 2021 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:19, 29 January 2021 |
Meaning of each component |
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Maximum land aperture | 1.53 APEX (f/1.7) |
Metering mode | Center weighted average |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 000 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 000 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 26 mm |
Scene capture type | 4 |
Speed unit | Kilometers per hour |
Speed of GPS receiver | 0 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 0 |